Hyperthyroidism in children is a rare but important health condition. It happens when a child’s thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. This can affect growth, energy, and mood. Pediatric hyperthyroidism can look different from adult cases. Because of this, it is important to know the signs. Early detection helps children get the right treatment for hyperthyroidism in kids. In this blog, we will explain childhood hyperthyroidism symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options. We will also share tips for home care and when to see a doctor.
What is Hyperthyroidism in Children?
Hyperthyroidism in children means the thyroid gland works too hard. The thyroid is a small gland in the neck. It makes hormones that control how the body uses energy. When the gland makes too much hormone, the body speeds up. This can cause many changes in a child’s body and mind. Although hyperthyroidism is less common in children than in adults, it still needs careful attention. In the US, Graves’ disease is the most common cause of pediatric hyperthyroidism, according to the CDC.
Common Symptoms
Children with hyperthyroidism may show different symptoms than adults. Sometimes, these signs are easy to miss. However, knowing what to look for can help parents act quickly. Common childhood hyperthyroidism symptoms include:
- Increased appetite but weight loss
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
- Nervousness or anxiety
- Trouble sleeping
- Feeling hot or sweating more than usual
- Shaky hands
- Frequent bowel movements
- Enlarged thyroid gland (swelling in the neck)
- Difficulty focusing at school
- Fatigue or muscle weakness
Because these symptoms can look like other health issues, it is important to talk to a doctor if you notice them.
Causes and Risk Factors
There are several causes of hyperthyroidism in children. Most often, it is due to an immune system problem. The main causes and risk factors include:
- Graves’ disease (most common cause in children)
- Family history of thyroid problems
- Thyroid nodules (lumps in the thyroid)
- Thyroid inflammation (thyroiditis)
- Taking too much thyroid hormone medicine
Additionally, girls are more likely than boys to develop hyperthyroidism. If a parent or sibling has thyroid disease, the risk is higher. Sometimes, certain infections or stress can trigger the condition.
How Hyperthyroidism is Diagnosed
Doctors use several steps to diagnose hyperthyroidism in children. First, they will ask about symptoms and family history. Next, they will do a physical exam to check for signs like a swollen neck or fast heartbeat. Then, they may order tests, such as:
- Blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4, and TSH)
- Thyroid antibody tests (to check for Graves’ disease)
- Thyroid ultrasound (to look for nodules or swelling)
- Radioactive iodine uptake test (to see how the thyroid works)
With these tests, doctors can confirm if a child has hyperthyroidism and find the cause.
Treatment Options
Treatment for hyperthyroidism in kids depends on the cause and how severe the symptoms are. The main goals are to lower thyroid hormone levels and manage symptoms. Common treatment options include:
- Anti-thyroid medicines (to slow down hormone production)
- Beta-blockers (to control fast heartbeat and anxiety)
- Radioactive iodine therapy (rarely used in young children)
- Surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid (for severe cases)
Doctors will choose the best treatment based on the child’s age, health, and needs. Regular follow-up visits are important to check progress and adjust treatment if needed.
Lifestyle Tips and Home Care
Along with medical treatment, home care can help children feel better. Here are some helpful tips:
- Encourage a balanced diet with enough calories and nutrients
- Help your child get enough rest and sleep
- Keep the home cool if your child feels hot easily
- Support your child’s emotional health by talking about feelings
- Work with teachers to help your child focus at school
Because stress can make symptoms worse, try to keep routines calm and steady. Always follow the doctor’s advice about medicines and check-ups.
Prevention and When to See a Doctor
There is no guaranteed way to prevent hyperthyroidism in children, but knowing your family’s health history can help. If your child is at higher risk, regular check-ups can help catch potential problems early. You should see a doctor if your child:
- Loses weight without trying
- Has a fast or irregular heartbeat
- Feels nervous, tired, or has trouble sleeping
- Shows swelling in the neck
Early treatment can prevent serious complications. The CDC and WHO recommend regular monitoring for children at risk of thyroid disease.
If you notice symptoms of hyperthyroidism in your child, consult Dr. Aniruddha Chatterjee, a pediatric specialist, for personalized advice. Early care can help your child stay healthy and active.
